These include the approval of treaties, and the confirmation of Cabinet secretaries, federal judges (including Federal Supreme Court justices), flag officers, regulatory officials, ambassadors, other federal executive officials and federal uniformed officers. They are now elected by popular vote following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913.Īs the upper chamber of Congress, the Senate has several powers of advice and consent which are unique to it. From 1789 to 1913, senators were appointed by legislatures of the states they represented. Each of the 50 states is equally represented by two senators who serve staggered terms of six years, for a total of 100 senators. The Senate is composed of senators, each of whom represents a single state in its entirety. The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States. The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Standing Rules of the United States Senate
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